Why We Do not Stutter While Singing?

Initially,when we sing a song.There is no psychology fear in the mind,speed of the speech and volume is precise.We all the stammers people know,how much the breath pulled out.Apparently,all the words are in the songs are stretched out like iiiiiiiiii loooooooooove maaaaaaaaaay paaaaaaaaaanjab.Eventually,thats why we do not stutter while singing.

Using The Telephone

Many people - whether they stutter or not - have difficulty using the telephone.Listen to some non-stutterers dealing with phone calls. Some take several seconds to answer. Others may "Um" and "Ah" a lot. Others may be very expressive with their hands or faces, perhaps talking loudly and aggressively.

                                                                                                                                                                        Using the phone can cause a great deal of anguish, and each person must learn to cope with it in his or her own way.If, as a person who stutters, you have a problem using the telephone, then you may find the following advice helpful.

Making Calls To Others

Making a call can usually be split into three phases: preparation, the call, assessing how you did.

Preparation

Make sure you know why you are calling. Write the key points on paper and have it in front of you when you call.
Try phoning a friend or relative just before the big call. This may help relax you.
If you have a number of calls to make, list them in ascending order. Start with the easiest and work your way up to the most difficult.
Do not keep putting off the call you need to make. That will make it even more stressful and difficult.

The Call

Quite often the difficult part is getting through to the right person. If you are confronted by a switchboard operator, for example, would an extension number or department be easier to say than someone's name? Have some alternative first words in mind; be flexible in what you want to say. If you do start to block, stutter openly, gently and easily; try not to force the words out and most importantly remember to speak slowly.
Do not worry too much about silences; they occur in all conversations. Concentrate on what you have to say, rather than worry about any blocks. Your purpose is to communicate, whether you stutter or not. Pay attention to your fluent speech. Many stutterers forget about their times of fluency and dwell on the stuttering. Savor your fluency; make other calls when feeling more fluent; strike while the iron is hot. Fluent speech breeds confidence, and confidence breeds fluent speech.
Watching yourself in a mirror while phoning can be helpful as you will be able to see where the tension lies in your face and other parts of your body. If you persevered with a difficult call and felt you communicated well, then praise or treat yourself and remember the good feeling that a successful call gave you.

Assessing How You Did

Most people, not just those who stutter, sometimes make calls when they feel they have been less than fluent or have not managed to get their message across.
If you felt that a particular call was stressful and you stuttered more than usual, try to forget it. Adopt a positive attitude; remember there will be other conversations when you will stutter less. It is not a disaster to stutter, and you can learn from each speaking experience. At home, tape-record your telephone conversations if you can. Note your speech carefully, especially the speed and the lead up to any blocks. Try to learn from each recording, and prepare a strategy for the next call. Doing this over a period of time will help to identify certain recurring problems and words.

Receiving Calls

This is the area over which you have least control. However, even here you can go part way to easing some of the pressure you may feel. Always answer the call in your own time. Donƒ??t rush to the telephone. Again have key word options ready: your extension number, name of your organization, or even just your name. Use whatever comes easiest to you at that moment.
If you receive a call within earshot of other people, concentrate solely on that call.
Accept that others may hear and see you block, but do not allow their presence to distract you from your phone call.
Don't be afraid of initial silence on the phone if you struggle for your first word. It is quite common for someone to answer the phone and then not speak, either because theyƒ??re finishing a conversation with a colleague or because they have picked up someone else's phone and are waiting for them to return to their seat.
The person phoning you may also stutter. Be patient with others who may be just as anxious as you and may be putting into practice some of the above points.

General Advice

• Practice should help you to feel happier about using the telephone.
• Confront your fear of the telephone. Talk about what it is that you fear happening and what you can do about it.
• Try to be aware of situations where you avoid using the telephone and gradually tackle these calls. Make the most of local calls for practice. Choose to use the telephone rather than write letters.
• Try to be the person in your household who answers the telephone.
• Openly admit that you stutter. This may be very difficult if you have avoided talking about it all your life. Practice talking about your stuttering. Many people have said that talking about it has reduced their anxiety and fear.
• Watch and listen to non-stutterers using the phone. Listen to their lack of fluency and their hesitation.
• Give others the benefit of the doubt. If they know you stutter then they are prepared to expect some silences.
• Finally practice, practice, practice. Do not let that modern-day piece of plastic dominate your life. It is far better to use the phone and stutter than to avoid using the phone.

Adapted from material originally developed by the British Stammering Association.

How To Overcome Fear And Tension In Stuttering?

By James L.Aten

Predominantly,

in my personal experience,the best way to beat the fear is

that to face the situation.

Most people talk without much difficulty most of the time. It’s true that people hesitate and stumble over words at times, especially when under stress or fatigue, but they show little concern over such mistakes. What, then, makes your speech different and what can you do to help yourself? Invariably, the person who stutters overreacts to his mistakes. He fears they will occur, becomes tense and feels helpless. During the time that tension is so high, the flow of speech stops or will not start.                                                                                                                                                                                       As you continue to have these tense moments that become different from what normal speakers experience, fear increases to higher and higher levels. You come to dread and perhaps avoid speaking. Many stutterers learn that their greatest enemies are fear and tension. If the battle with stuttering is to be won, fear and tension must be gradually eli­minated. Let’s look at some battle plans that have helped quite a few stutterers conquer the majority of their fears, eliminate excessive tensions, and find that speech in most situations can once again come easily.

Conquering Fear. We have all probably heard that the way to eliminate fear is to “just face up to it.” We have learned all too slowly that for some stutterers, fear may actually increase rather than decrease if they continue to face fear situations and fail. They may experience the same old tension, and fail to get the word out, while attempting to “just go ahead and face their fears.” For most of you, fear grew because of repeated failure and the resulting embarrassment over that failure. Your hope is that fear can be unlearned by handling hard words and situations better. Performance builds realistic confidence that can become a substitute for fear. Here’s one way: Substitute Positive Planning for Fear and Anticipated Failure.

Stuttering (the fear and tension build-up part) usually begins much earlier in time than you normally think. When the phone rings, you may get into a tense and helpless state while going to answer it. The trouble doesn’t suddenly begin as you start to say “Hello.” You have learned that tricks such as delaying or rushing often let you down, and so your fear spirals upward. When told that you have a job interview in two days, you often begin worrying about how you’ll do and expect failure. Having failed last time, you probably will again unless you plan a new approach to the task:

1. Picture yourself approaching the person who will be interviewing you. Take a breath, then let it all go. This feels good and for the first time you experience the condition your speech musculature should be in if words are to come out without tension.

2. Imagine extending your hand slowly to shake hands. Your body movements are slow and confident ones. This reduces the tendency to rush or force speech. Mentally you are calmer. The employer says, “Hello, I’m 

Lovely Baath. You must be….”  Just thinking about answering this with your first and last name fills you with fear and you feel your breath tighten.

3. LET GO of that tight breath. Think about the easy movements you could make in answering “Hi, I’m 

Ed Jones.” At first just picture the movements, then after that initial surge of fear subsides, try answering with a kind of easy, half-sigh-like “Hi”—Pause—easy again—“I’m lovely”—Pause again—let tension go—easy onset[stretching vowel like baaaaath]—“Baath.”

As you rehearse this, several things begin to happen. First, you begin to see that there is less to fear if you don’t jump and answer with your first name, which is usually very hard for you. Second, as one stutterer in our field has said, “Time must become your Friend.” You will learn that “haste makes waste,” even though a few times in the past it has worked.

Fear won’t go away by just waiting or going slower; you have to do some positive planning and desensitizing yourself to the employer’s presence and request. You must practice the introduction many times and not just alone but with someone. After you have experienced success alone, ask your wife or friend to be the employer and rehearse. First answer silently, then softly, then in a normal voice. Whether you stutter during the interview or not is of lesser importance. The chances are you will approach the situation easier than you have in a long time and that your actual stuttering will be less severe. New approaches to handling the feared situation bring gradual improvement by reducing fear. This comes through hard work, not magic, pills, tricks, or waiting until you “feel better.” The same type of practice and rehearsal can be used in preparing to say “Hello” on the telephone. In fact, you may find the phone less fear-inducing and want to try it first, or, perhaps just greeting someone casually. As one stutterer said, “I try not to go out and put myself into a very difficult situation at first, where I know I’m going to fail.” He had learned to approach some situations, though obviously not all of them, by thinking about responding the new easier, relaxed way, and with practice found that he had lost much of his fear. Less fear means less tension in speech.

Conquering Tension. You must learn to substitute easy, slower, more relaxed movements for rushed, tight, forced movements. Typical tension sites are your chest and breath, your throat and vocal cords, jaw, lips and tongue. The practice suggested here can make for success in reducing the fear that follows from blocked movements, so think of these as stages of therapy that you can “put together” for greater effect.

Choose some words that begin with sounds that you think of as being hard—those on which you often stutter. Speech normally begins with a relaxed, unconscious flow of breath. Practice sighing and letting voice come easily. You don’t make voice, it just happens if you will let it. The same is true of sounds you make with tongue and lips. Feel yourself gently close the lips for the “P” or move the tongue to form such sounds as “T” and “K,” then go ahead and say the rest of the word. Notice how little effort speaking takes. Fear has resulted in too much forcing to get words out. You must learn what ‘not forcing’ is, and practice until easy movements become habitual.                                                                                                                                                                                                                 First, practice at a very soft, almost silent level, then gradually at a normal voice level. Practice the movement gently to make the difficult word begin easier, then work on other words that begin with that same movement. Assuming that you engage faithfully in daily practice, try a different sound each week. Fear of words lessens as you repeatedly prove to yourself you have a new, easy way of producing them that is becoming automatic. As you practice, be sure not to let the tongue, lips, vocal cords, or breath become tight or touch too hard. No word or speech movement requires conscious effort. Feel the relaxed easy movements into and out of words. Stop and begin the easy movements again for the next word series. Now, you are talking in phrases that are short and that you have confidence you can initiate, if you remember to use the easy beginning you have practiced. Remember, speech sounds better in short phrases with frequent pauses.

By conquering fear-arousal through learning to plan your approach, and then using the easy movements which keep tension from making you feel helpless, you are beginning to control stuttering rather than letting it rule you. Certain speaking situations become easier. At this point you must begin to integrate your success. That is, you are not just having good and bad days, you are creating some successes out of potential failure. That’s what building confidence is all about—and stutterers say time after time, “I talk better when I’m more confident.” When you have created a better performance, you can realistically feel more confidence. The model is then begun for turning ‘bad cycles’ into good ones. You are then able to turn your attention to fluency rather than frequent expectation of stuttering. One of our adult stutterers who successfully went through the above said, “Now I think more about my fluent successes, and does that ever help!”

You appreciate most in life those things you do for yourself. Getting over stuttering takes tremendous self-discipline and desire. We have found that just practicing easy movements without trying to reduce fear is not too successful, since high fear keeps you from remembering the new easier speech movements at the time when you most need to use them. Also, just trying to reduce fear without giving you something to do that is new — and that works — may simply allow fear to creep back into the situation very quickly. We have seen that the majority of the stutterers we work with, using the above procedures, achieve a significant degree of fluency in most situations.                                                                                                               Adapted from material originally developed by the stuttering foundation of america.

Hrithik Roshan Stuttering Story

Initially,it is likely that few people in North America know the name Hrithik Roshan. He is currently the biggest movie star in Bollywood, and many cinema critics feel that Roshan could be the first Bollywood star to make the transition to Hollywood star. While a major star in Indian cinema, Hrithik Roshan has always spoken openly of his stammering and that he went through speech therapy to speak fluently, not to mention that he still does speech exercises every day. So affected he was by his stuttering, that he has donated generously to a children’s hospital for a speech therapy wing, which has put the spotlight on stuttering in the Indian media.
Born in Mumbai, it is small wonder that Roshan became a film star as both sides of his family worked in Indian cinema. His father, film director Rakesh Roshan, is the son of music director Roshan. Hrithik Roshan’s mother, Pinky, is the daughter of famed producer and director J. Om Prakash. Also, his uncle Rajesh Roshan is a famous music director.
Born in 1974, Roshan was a child star in some films in the 1980’s. He made his major film debut in 2000 in Kaho Naa….Pyaar Hai in 2000, which resulted in his earning Filmfare awards for Best Actor and Best Male Debut. His debut was followed by leading roles in Fiza and Mission Kashmir; afterwards, he received much critical acclaim for a supporting role in the monstrously successful 2001 film Kabhi Khushi Kabie Gham, which had the distinction of being the highest grossing Indian movie in the oversees market up until that point in time. One of his many movies, the 2006 blockbuster Krrish, saw him play a superhero.
                                                                                                                                                               Since then, Hrithik Roshan’s career has been nothing short of brilliant, making him the biggest film star in India, not to mention the country’s top celebrity. He has used his celebrity status to bring attention to his past struggles with stuttering, which has definitely put a human face on the speech problem throughout India.
India was surprised in 2009 when Roshan spoke openly about his stuttering on the popular show Tere Mere Beach Mein.                                                                                                                                           The interview was recounted in a September 26, 2009, article in The Times of India titled “Stammering is Hell: Hrithik." On the show, he spoke about how he was teased as a kid and how he struggled so much to speak fluently so he could fulfill his dream of becoming an actor. He said, “Everything seems normal until you start talking, you get stuck and you don’t know why? Right from your toes to the ends of your hair strands, you are in complete shock. Your heart palpitates, you don’t understand and you are aware of people looking at you. You can compare it to hell.”
When the interviewer asked him until what age the problem continued, Roshan answered, “Six to 35. I am 35.” The next question was about if he was bullied at school. “Of course. Unfortunately it is one of those handicaps that is made fun of. Especially kids, you can’t blame them but they end up being mean because it looks funny! So the childhood of a person suffering from a problem like this is pure hell. From the time you wake up in the morning to night you almost dread some days …. to wake up! Because you have to go through an entire day when you have to use your speech and have to go through all those little moments of hell.”
The coping mechanisms that the actor described on the show appear to be typical of kids who stutter throughout the world. “For oral tests at school, I used to bunk school, I used to fall sick, I used to break my hand, I used to get a sprain. “
On the Indian entertainment news website Spiceeze, a news article on the actor’s appearance on the show put forth that Roshan also stated that when he was going through speech therapy and personal practices sessions, he once had to practice for 36 hours just so he could tell his cook what he wanted to eat. Also, it gave the heart wrenching story of when the actor had difficulty on the occasion of accepting his first acting award in what is the Indian equivalent of the Oscars. “I was getting the Best Debut Actor for my first movie in Dubai and I wanted to say, ‘I love you Dubai’ in my speech at the award function. But I couldn’t say ‘Dubai’.                                                                                                                                                      I wanted to practice saying ‘Dubai’ but for that I had to scream Dubai loudly. I couldn’t do that in my hotel room because my voice was being heard outside. I went to the bathroom and yelled ‘Dubai’ but even then, it could be heard by people outside. Thankfully there was a big cupboard in the room. I locked myself up in the cupboard and practiced say ‘Dubai’. Finally, at the awards function, I was able to say that with a flow.”
Around the same time, India Parenting magazine used the shining example of Hrithik Roshan as a guide to help parents of children with challenges.  A laudatory paragraph of the actor began with, “Hrithik Roshan has been dazzling the fans with his killer looks and performance. He with a well chiseled body and Greek God like looks is much sought after Bollywood hero. His charming personality is unmatched and much adulated by both male and female fans. He had a dark secret which is now no more a secret. Hrithik has a speech disorder known as stammering.”
“When Hrithik decided that he had to overcome his stammering, he joined speech therapy classes. With determined perseverance and will power, Hrithik could overcome his speech disorder. He used to repeat all the alphabets in different manners so as to have a strong grip on pronunciation thereby boosting his confidence levels. He used to practice in front of a mirror alone in a room for long hours to improve his speech skills. He used to practice and still does for long hours. He is also quite open about his speech disorder and this openness without a feeling of shame or guilt has in turn made him more confident in front of people.’                                                                                                                                                   The article continues with the closing statements, ‘Hrithik still practices speech therapy everyday for an hour or so as to prevent relapsing into speech disorder again….. Hrithik is now a role model for his fans and truly an inspiration for all those people who have stammering problems. Hrithik has shown that one can overcome anything in life with just a strong will power.”
As the starring roles, Best Actor awards and fame continued to escalate, the Bollywood phenomenon did not let up one bit in making his citing his personal example as a way to help others who stutter, particularly children. He made national headlines in early 2011 by disclosing that every book he reads is read aloud. One article, “Hrithik Loves to Read Each Book Aloud” from Mid-Day, stated, “Hrithik Roshan is a voracious reader, and devours most books he sets his eyes on. But what sets him apart from other obsessive-compulsive readers is that he reads everything aloud from books and novels to magazines, and that’s been the case since his childhood….. he was able to overcome stammering by reading aloud and stressing on pronunciation and articulation.’
The article went on to quote a close friend of the actor as admitting, “Be it a novel, book, magazine, or anything of the written word, Hrithik reads it loudly to himself, page by page, as recommended by a speech therapist.” The article goes on to state that even as far back as his childhood, he would devour all books from mystery thrillers to action-packed novels.
Always speaking out about his struggles with stuttering, there was much media coverage  in November 2008 when the actor appeared at Nanavati Hospital in Mumbai to inaugurate the hospital’s audio and speech therapy wing, of which he was a major financial benefactor. Commenting on what the media called “a walk down memory lane”, Roshan stated, “All the memories of my past difficulties came spilling out at Nanavati. When I met my doctor who treated me at age 14 for stammering, I could barely control my emotions. It’s not easy to be a special child.’ He also added about his message to kids, “….I got over it, so will you.                                                                                                                                                                              I think it is very important for me to convey this message far and wide and I want to do it more often.”
YouTube searches of “Hrithik Roshan stammering” and “Hrithik Roshan Nanavati” will bring up interesting video clips, and of course there is a vast multitude of videos on the actor that have nothing to do with stuttering.”The actor donated two million rupees to the new speech and hearing wing in the name of his grandmother Ira Roshan and the department is named after this grandmother of whom he has an infinite amount of fond memories from his childhood. “I shared some great times with my Daadi during my childhood and growing years. Today seeing my name along with hers and being associated with such a project, she must be smiling down.
Born to a Punjabi family, Roshan attended the famous Bombay Scottish School as a child, and went on to earn a bachelor’s degree in finance from Sydenham College. In 2000 he married the former Suzanne Khan, who is the daughter of famous actor Sanjay Khan. The couple has two young sons.
To try to recount Hrithik Roshan’s accomplishments and accolades as an actor would be a major work within itself.  One recent distinction from December 2012 is that for the second year in a row he was named “the sexiest Asian man in the world” by a poll from a London-based weekly.                                             He beat out many other Bollywood stars. While some critics have speculated that Roshan could cross over and become a major Hollywood star just like actors from other foreign countries have over the decades, it should be noted that if the famed star were to ever make it big in Hollywood, his actions and messages to young people who stutter would reach a worldwide audience and help countless children. However, what is most important is all of the great work that Roshan has done in reaching people who view Bollywood movies and the work that he continues to do.                                                                                                       His funding and dedicating a speech center for children is nothing short of heroic. Every time Roshan speaks out in public about stuttering or funds charities relating to stuttering, the fact that he is the biggest star in Bollywood makes his efforts on behalf of children who stammer reap rewards ten-fold to say the least. India and the worldwide Indian community are profoundly lucky to have Hrithik Roshan as an activist for people who stutter. If he ever should cross-over into major Hollywood movies,Eventually  it is beyond certain that the stuttering community in the U.S. would welcome him with open arms, not to mention that his public statements and philanthropy related to stuttering would reach a worldwide audience.

 Adapted from material originally developed by the stuttering foundation of america.

What Is Voluntary Stuttering?

Voluntary stuttering is, from my personal experience, the single most productive speech tool or strategy at an adult stutterer's disposal.
To put it simply, voluntary stuttering is the act of stuttering on purpose when speaking to another person. For example, a stutterer may enter into a speaking situation with a plan to voluntarily stutter on the very first words that he or she says. This is a powerful way to get stuttering immediately out into the open so there is no reason to hide it. By stuttering on purpose early in the conversation, the speaker controls when and how his stuttering appears, thus preventing his fears of stuttering from dominating the situation.
Some stutterers, clinicians and family members get upset at the mere mention of voluntary stuttering because it is counter intuitive. They frequently ask, "Why should someone stutter more when they want to stutter less?" Many are concerned with the emotional commitment that voluntary stuttering entails because it requires speakers to leave their comfort zones.
As with any speaking strategy, the only way to know if voluntary stuttering will be productive is through repeated assignments and experimentation. It is not enough to stutter on purpose three or four times and declare the tool useful or useless. One needs to experiment with voluntary stuttering many times and in a variety of situations before a judgment of its usefulness and utility can be safely made.
Stuttering on purpose targets a wide range of goals and objectives, including the following:
• desensitization, which reduces fear, builds courage, and increases the stutterer's ability to speak in challenging communicative situations;
• stuttering in an easy, forward-moving manner;
• increasing the ability of the speaker to listen and attend to what others are saying;
• demonstrating to others that stuttering is not shameful; and
• reducing moments of stuttering.
Practice assignments can help each person who stutters to work toward individualized goals following an individualized hierarchy.
One goal of stuttering on purpose is desensitization, in order to reduce the fear of stuttering. Many people who stutter attempt to hide or avoid their stuttering. For example, a stutterer who has grown to fear the letter "d" may edit out of her speech any words that begin with that letter. By stuttering voluntarily the speaker puts her stuttering out in the open immediately without attempting to hide or conceal it. One way a speaker can reduce the fear of saying words that begin with "d" is by voluntarily stuttering in many situations on this feared sound.
It has been my experience that the more a person uses voluntary stuttering, the more he or she begins to understand that stuttering is truly allowed. As one member of the Covert-S electronic mailing list explained, "[Voluntary stuttering] gives me a feeling that I am in control of my speech and when I really stutter it doesn't seem so bad.
Voluntary stuttering is also a valuable tool for helping the speaker control the variable and unpredictable aspects of the disorder. People who stutter often feel they have very little control over their speech and grow to view the absence of stuttering as "lucky fluency" and moments of stuttering as unlucky disfluency.
For example, it is exceedingly common for a person who stutters to find himself in speaking situations in which stuttering does not occur. In such situations the speaker often becomes increasingly fearful of the moment that his stuttering finally may reveal itself. By stuttering on purpose toward the beginning of a conversation, the speaker controls when his stuttering is first heard. Voluntary stuttering neutralizes the variable and intermittent nature of the disorder.The unpredictable is made predictable.
When using voluntary stuttering for desensitization purposes, the speaker should stutter in a clearly noticeable or "hard" manner so it is clear that he or she is a stutterer. In other words, the speaker should not "cheat" the situation by stuttering softly or in a subtle manner. The speaker also may consider using voluntary secondaries as well, such as voluntary eye blinking and voluntary head movements.
Beginning in my 20s, I used voluntary stuttering on a daily basis for more than two years to reduce my fears of stuttering and to help me say the exact words I wanted to say. One of my personal goals was that every time I ordered food at a restaurant or deli or asked a question in a store, I would stutter on purpose. The more I used voluntary stuttering, the less I feared stuttering.
Someone who had spent much of his life attempting to hide and conceal stuttering told me that voluntary stuttering was helping him to create a new and powerful "mental image" of himself. Using voluntary stuttering over a period of months, he began steadily replacing his self-image of a person hiding stuttering with a person stuttering confidently in a variety of situations. "I used to feel good only when I was fluent," he said. "By using voluntary stuttering, I found that I am also a good person when I stutter.
Sample practice assignments for desensitization are as follows:
• Talk to a close friend or relative for five minutes and stutter on purpose at least five or more times in a clearly noticeable fashion. (Example: "Mom, what t-t-time are we all m-m-meeting for dinner?") Be sure and stutter several times toward the beginning of the conversation to put your stuttering immediately out in the open.
• Go to stores and local establishments and ask questions while stuttering on purpose.
• Talk to peers or co-workers while using voluntary stuttering.
Another goal is moving forward through moments of stuttering. Many stutterers and speech-language pathologists advocate a form of easy stuttering to initiate speech and to move smoothly through moments of stuttering. This is often referred to as stuttering modification.
For example, during a stutter on a word such as "soda," the speaker may consciously attempt to move forward through the word by "pulling out" of the stutter. One way to do this is to prolong the "s" and then gently initiate the "o" vowel to continue moving forward through the word.
By entering into a situation using gentle and easy voluntary stuttering, the speaker lays the groundwork for turning real and struggled moments of stuttering into smooth and forward-moving stutters. During stuttering moments, many speakers feel confused and unable to think. This state has been described as a type of "dissociation," meaning that people who stutter try to separate themselves from challenging and emotionally charged speaking situations.
Similarly, it has been noted that speech tools and strategies are the hardest to use when they are most needed. During a stuttering moment, one stutterer explained, "We are so overwhelmed with all the things that we are 'supposed' to do that we become paralyzed and can't do anything.
Voluntary stuttering helps the speaker to stay "in the moment" when real stuttering occurs. Purposeful stuttering also prepares and "warms up" the speaker for using speech tools such as pull-outs during real moments of disfluency when they are most needed.
Sample practice assignments for moving forward through moments of stuttering are as follows:
• Speak to a friend or relative and voluntarily stretch the first sounds of words, taking care to stretch or prolong only the first sounds of words, where most stuttering occurs. (Example: W-w-would y-y-you like to go out for d-d-dinner tonight?")
• Speak in class, at work, or in other challenging situations and gently stretch the first sounds of words. Individuals may wish to challenge themselves by choosing words that begin with feared sounds or by choosing feared words.
• Ask strangers or passers-by questions using gentle, voluntary stretches. (Example: "S-s-sir, do you know w-w-where M-m-main Street is?")
A third objective of purposeful stuttering is increasing listening skills. Many stutterers report that they spend so much time worrying about speaking and the possibility of stuttering that they often have difficulty listening to what is said to them. One adult stutterer explained, "We're so concerned with our own speech that we lack the focus, time or mental energy to listen to someone else's.
Stuttering on purpose enables people who stutter to better focus on what others are saying. Once the stuttering is out in the open, there is nothing to hide. Instead of worrying about the possibility of stuttering, one is able to listen and focus on what others are saying.
A practice assignment for this objective is to stutter on purpose several times in a noticeable manner at the beginning of a conversation with a friend or relative and then consider if there is any change in the ability to attend to what the person is saying. Another sample assignment is to make a comment or ask a question using several noticeable voluntary stutters at the very beginning of a high-stress situation, such as a meeting at work or a classroom discussion, and observe the feeling of listening to others talk now that the stuttering is out in the open.
In my experience, most people who stutter demonstrate varying levels of shame during moments of stuttering. Most noticeably, people who stutter rarely initiate or maintain eye contact with others during stuttering moments. Looking away from the listener or at one's feet during a stuttering moment demonstrates that stuttering is shameful and something to be avoided.
Stuttering on purpose allows the speaker to practice stuttering while making eye contact. This demonstrates self-respect, not shame. As one stutterer put it, "Voluntary stuttering has proved to be a valuable weapon to combat how my stuttering is perceived by others because if I'm comfortable with it, other people tend to be as well.
One way to establish a comfort level with stuttering is by entering into a situation with the plan of stuttering voluntarily while initiating and maintaining eye contact. It is important to note that the speaker is not expected to maintain unbreaking eye contact during an entire conversation, which is unnatural and may be perceived by the listener as threatening or odd. Instead, the stutterer is asked to initiate and maintain eye contact during voluntary and real moments of stuttering.
Sample practice assignments for demonstrating to others that stuttering is not shameful are as follows:
• During a conversation with a friend or relative, stutter on purpose at least three times and make a point to initiate and maintain eye contact during the stutters. If the voluntary stutters turn into real stutters, continue to maintain eye contact.
• While ordering a meal at a restaurant, stutter at least three times to the waiter while initiating and maintaining eye contact during the stutters.
• Ask questions at stores or local businesses while initiating and maintaining eye contact during the stutters.
A final objective of stuttering on purpose is reducing moments of stuttering. Over time, I have observed, the use of voluntary stuttering reduces the speaker's fear of stuttering, which leads to reduced moments of real stuttering. This is in spite of the fact that voluntary stutters occasionally turn into "real" stutters.
As one adult said to me with great exasperation, "Why should I stutter on purpose if it sometimes causes me to get caught in real stuttering?" However, he acknowledged that when he used voluntary stuttering, his real stuttering tended to either disappear or be reduced. By entering into situations with the goal of stuttering on purpose, his fears of stuttering were greatly diminished, which reduced the frequency of stuttering.
Practice assignments for this goal are as follows:
• During an extended conversation with a friend or relative (at least five minutes), stutter on purpose in a clearly noticeable manner throughout the conversation. Observe if this leads to more or less "real" stutters. Repeat this assignment many times.
• Call local shops and stores and ask questions while stuttering noticeably on the very first words that you say. As you continue to make calls, observe if you are producing more or less "real" stutters.
• In a situation that you face on a regular basis, such as a meeting at work or a family dinner, use voluntary stuttering in a noticeable manner. Observe if you are producing more or less "real" stuttering.                Written By Peter Reitzes

Defination Of Acceptance?

Initially,accepting this fact is the most important step, difficult too. If a beggar does not accept that he is poor will he ever try to earn money? Suppose he already thinks that he is a billionaire, then why will he try to get up and work? This is why many stammerers fail to benefit from many therapies-deep down, they have not accepted that they stammer, nor have they accepted the need to change anything about themselves.Although,they just want world around them to change- magically.                                               Furthermore,accepting is difficult and is made difficult by our own past efforts at avoidance and masking(behaving as if we are trying to remember something, while actually facing a block, or using starter sounds).But it is not impossible.If you are desperate and if you have suffered enough, you will not turn away from this last pain. But start with easy to complex situations as you go about accepting the fact that you stammer Sometime and Eventually, that it causes you Lot of suffering and inconvenience.

Is There A Really Cure For Stammering?

Initially,is there a cure for stammering? Cure therapy what do we mean by a cure?It is natural enough question,given that there are courses advertised which claim to offer a complete and final cure for stammering. In addition, it is  a question that is quite likely to be in the minds of people who have had some experience of speech therapy,perhaps when they were a lot younger, but find themselves still struggling with their speech.                                                                                                                                                     Unfortunately, there is no evidence of a universal cure for stammering ,in other words, there is no approach that works like a magic pill for everyone.This situation is perhaps not so surprising when it is considered that there is still no complete answer to the question.Stammering is managed,not cured.Consequences,Do not faith in cure advertisement.

What Is The causes Of Stammering?

No single, exclusive cause of developmental stuttering is known. A variety of hypotheses and theories suggests multiple factors contributing to stuttering.Among these is the strong evidence that stuttering has a genetic basis.Children who have first-degree relatives who stutter are three times as likely to develop a stutter. However, twin and adoption studies suggest that genetic factors interact with environmental factors for stuttering to occur, and many people who stutter have no family history of the disorder. There is evidence that stuttering is more common in children who also have concomitant speech, language, learning motor difficulties.                                                                                                                                                    Robert West, a pioneer of genetic studies in stuttering, has suggested that the presence of stuttering is connected to the fact that articulated speech is the last major acquisition in human evolution. Another view is that a stutter is a complex tic.In a 2010 article, three genes were found to correlate with stuttering: GNPTAB, GNPTG, and NAGPA. Researchers estimated that alterations in these three genes were present in 9% of people who stutter who have a family history of stuttering
For some people who stutter, congenital factors may play a role.These may include physical trauma at or around birth, learning disabilities, as well as cerebral palsy. In other people who stutter, there could be added impact due to stressful situations such as the birth of a sibling, moving, or a sudden growth in linguistic ability. There is clear empirical evidence for structural and functional differences in the brains of people who stutter. Research is complicated somewhat by the possibility that such differences could be the consequences of stuttering rather than a cause, but recent research on older children confirms structural differences thereby giving strength to the argument that at least some of the differences are not a consequence of stammering.                                                                                                                                                        
Auditory processing deficits have also been proposed as a cause of stuttering. Stuttering is less prevalent in deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals, and stuttering may be improved when auditory feedback is altered, such as by masking, delayed auditory feedback (DAF), or frequency altered feedback. There is some evidence that the functional organization of the auditory cortex may be different in people who stutter.There is evidence of differences in linguistic processing between people who stutter and people who do not stutter.                                                                                                                                                  Brain scans of adult people who stutter have found increased activation of the right hemisphere, which is associated with emotions, than in the left hemisphere, which is associated with speech. In addition reduced activation in the left auditory cortex has been observed.The capacities and demands model has been proposed to account for the heterogeneity of the disorder. In this approach, speech performance varies depending on the capacity that the individual has for producing fluent speech, and the demands placed upon the person by the speaking situation.                                                                                                             Capacity for fluent speech may be affected by a predisposition to the disorder, auditory processing or motor speech deficits, and cognitive or affective issues. Demands may be increased by internal factors such as lack of confidence or self esteem or inadequate language skills or external factors such as peer pressure, time pressure, stressful speaking situations, insistence on perfect speech, and the like. In stuttering, the severity of the disorder is seen as likely to increase when demands placed on the person's speech and language system exceed their capacity to deal with these pressures. However, the precise nature of the capacity or incapacity has not been delineated.                                                                                                                   Source:-Wikipedia

What Is Stammering?

Stuttering  or stammering  (more generally the first in US and the second in British usage) is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words or phrases as well as involuntary silent pauses or blocks in which the person who stutters is unable to produce sounds. The term stuttering is most commonly associated with involuntary sound repetition, but it also encompasses the abnormal hesitation or pausing before speech, referred to by people who stutter as blocks,and                                                                                                                                                                the prolongation of certain sounds, usually vowels or semivowels. According to Watkins et al. stuttering is a disorder of “selection, initiation, and execution of motor sequences necessary for fluent speech production.”  For many people who stutter, repetition is the primary problem. The term "stuttering" covers a wide range of severity, encompassing barely perceptible impediments that are largely cosmetic to severe symptoms that effectively prevent oral communication. In the world, approximately four times as many men as women stutter, encompassing 70 million people worldwide. To put that in perspective, about 1% of the world's population stutters.                                                                                                                                       The impact of stuttering on a person's functioning and emotional state can be severe. This may include fears of having to enunciate specific vowels or consonants, fears of being caught stuttering in social situations, self-imposed isolation, anxiety, stress, shame, being a possible target of bullying (especially in children), having to use word substitution and rearrange words in a sentence to hide stuttering, or a feeling of "loss of control" during speech. Stuttering is sometimes popularly seen as a symptom of anxiety, but there is actually no direct correlation in that direction (though as mentioned the inverse can be true, as social anxiety may actually develop in individuals as a result of their stuttering).
Stuttering is generally not a problem with the physical production of speech sounds or putting thoughts into words. Acute nervousness and stress do not cause stuttering, but they can trigger stuttering in people who have the speech disorder, and living with a highly stigmatized disability can result in anxiety and high allostatic stress load (i.e., chronic nervousness and stress) that reduce the amount of acute stress necessary to trigger stuttering in any given person who stutters, exacerbating the problem in the manner of a positive feedback system; the name 'stuttered speech syndrome' has been proposed for this condition. Neither acute nor chronic stress, however, itself creates any predisposition to stuttering.
The disorder is also variable, which means that in certain situations, such as talking on the telephone or in a large group, the stuttering might be more severe or less, depending on whether or not the stutterer is self-conscious about their stuttering. Stutterers often find that their stuttering fluctuates and that they have "good" days, "bad" days and "stutter-free" days. The times in which their stuttering fluctuates can be random. Although the exact etiology, or cause, of stuttering is unknown, both genetics and neurophysiology are thought to contribute.                                                                                                                                    There are many treatments and speech therapy techniques available that may help increase fluency in some people who stutter to the point where an untrained ear cannot identify a problem; however, there is essentially no cure for the disorder at present. The severity of the person's stuttering would correspond to the amount of speech therapy needed to increase fluency. For severe stuttering, long-term therapy and hard work will be required to increase fluency.

Characteristics

Primary behaviors

Primary stuttering behaviors are the overt, observable signs of speech fluency breakdown, including repeating sounds, syllables, words or phrases, silent blocks and prolongation of sounds. These differ from the normal dysfluencies found in all speakers in that stuttering dysfluencies may last longer, occur more frequently, and are produced with more effort and strain. Stuttering dysfluencies also vary in quality: common dysfluencies tend to be repeated movements, fixed postures, or superfluous behaviors. Each of these three categories is composed of subgroups of stutters and dysfluencies.

• Repeated movements
  • Syllable repetition—a single syllable word is repeated (for example: on—on—on a chair) or a part of a word which is still a full syllable such as "un—un—under the..." and "o—o—open".
  • Incomplete syllable repetition—an incomplete syllable is repeated, such as a consonant without a vowel, for example, "c—c—c—cold".
  • Multi-syllable repetition—more than one syllable such as a whole word, or more than one word is repeated, such as "I know—I know—I know a lot of information.".
• Fixed postures
  • With audible airflow—prolongation of a sound occurs such as "mmmmmmmmmom".
  • Without audible airflow—such as a block of speech or a tense pause where nothing is said despite efforts.
• Superfluous behaviors
  • Verbal—this includes an interjection such as an unnecessary uh or um as well as revisions, such as going back and correcting one's initial statements such as "I—My girlfriend...", where the I has been corrected to the word my.
  • Nonverbal—these are visible or audible speech behaviors, such as lip smacking, throat clearing, head thrusting, etc., usually representing an effort to break through or circumvent a block or stuttering loop.

Variability

The severity of a stutter is often not constant even for people who severely stutter. People who stutter commonly report dramatically increased fluency when talking in unison with another speaker, copying another's speech, whispering, singing, and acting or when talking to pets, young children, or themselves. Other situations, such as public speaking and speaking on the telephone, are often greatly feared by people who stutter, and increased stuttering is reported.

Feelings and attitudes

Stuttering could have a significant negative cognitive and affective impact on the person who stutters. It has been described in terms of the analogy to an iceberg, with the immediately visible and audible symptoms of stuttering above the waterline and a broader set of symptoms such as negative emotions hidden below the surface. Feelings of embarrassment, shame, frustration, fear, anger, and guilt are frequent in people who stutter, and may actually increase tension and effort, leading to increased stuttering. With time,  continued exposure to difficult speaking experiences may crystallize into a negative self-concept and self image.                                                                                                                                                            Many perceive stutterers as less intelligent due to their disfluency, however, as a group, individuals who stutter tend to be of above average intelligence.A person who stutters may project his or her attitudes onto others, believing that they think he or she is nervous or stupid. Such negative feelings and attitudes may need to be a major focus of a treatment program.Many people who stutter report a high emotional cost, including jobs or promotions not received, as well as relationships broken or not pursued.                                  Source:-Wikipedia

How To Overcome The Fear Of Eye Blinking Which Is Decisive Symptom Of The Stammering?

Prior,stammering has one crucial symptom that is eye blinking.Although,the eye blinking same as stammering,it is managed not cured.The best way to manage the eye blinking is that, firstly accept it i have a problem.Do no think about that,focus on the present.In every situation,focus on the  conversation. Also,keep eye contact with the stranger.In the morning,do hard ten eye blinks,that relax your eye muscles whole day. In the every situation, keep talk after one minute or two minute because when no talk eventually the eye blinking is happen.                                                                                                                                                    Furthermore,keep talk about the situation which you have face on that time after one or  two minute.whenever you feel the eye blinking is more happen,ignore that.Also,clean eyes with the fresh water when you feel the more eye blinking.So,spent free time with  the friends or in the park.Apparently,the Eye blinking is happen due to over thinking,bad eye contact .Consequence,the over thinking lead to phobia.So, if you want to manage the eye blinking do my exercises daily.

Three Mistakes That Lead To Stammering?

1. Hasty or fast speech= This phenomenon persists in almost all of the stammerers. In an anticipation that we would stammer, we want to get away with the sentence as fast as possible, because of which we tend to speak at a break-neck speed. This instead of aiding, worsens the problem.
2. Distorted or no breathing while talking:=This is another reason many stammerers experience blocks while talking. There is no coordination between breathing and talking. If you observe a fluent person speaking, you will notice that he will always take a breath in, before starting to speak. We stammerers, are so concerned about stammering that we donot bother to inhale before starting to speak.
3. Talking in excitement= This is a vicious cycle. Stammering or stammering experiences in the past, leads to excitement while speaking, which in turn leads to stammering the next time we talk.

My Advice To All People Who Stutter?

Initially,stammering is not an overnight process.It requires lots of hardwork,consistency,patience,faith,determination.Do not faith in fake advertisement for curing the stammering.Do my exercise 6 to 9 month.I apparently say 1 or two year is enough for manage the stammering.It depend upon on your commitment and perseverance,hardwork.Faith in yourself.Also,we pws talk in very fast speech rate in the conversation.Eventually,slow down your speech rate.obviously,it help you a lot.Furthermore,we pws does not use a pause in a conversation,we talk continously that is called poor conversation.                                                                                                                                                                 Also,talk in a pause approximately 2 or 3sec.Furthermore,during conversation maintain the eye contact with the stranger.We pws always think about the stammering,just ignore the thought of the stammering .Do meditation 10 min that relax your mind.Spent time with friends,or in the park and listening the music.Apparently, it relax your mind.During conversation we  pws always think about the stammering.So, ignore that focus on what he say and also focus on own words what we say.At the starting of the conversation,take a deep breath through stomach and take a deep breath whenever you need.We pws always speak in a  slow volume ,always speak in a loud volume.Everyday talk to 10 strangers and do bouncing,prolongation,light contact exercises.Lucidly,it help you a lot.

Crucial Techniques?

1.Bouncing=Predominantly,When ever we pws[People Who Stammer] are stuck on a particular word we always force the 1st sound of that word out of our vocal chords by breathing improperly from our chest or sometimes we even stop our breath and force the first sound of the word to get out of our mouth.Eventually,This increases the air pressure in our lungs and we start getting out of breathe.So, instead of doing all this ,we can stop just before the word which is difficult to speak and bounce(repeat the 1st sound) very comfortably,easily and without any stress and when we feel that now the rest of the word is also coming out , just stop bouncing and speak that word starting again from the 1st sound.For illustration, I always get stuck on the word starting from P. So, if I have to say "My name is Pawan''.Dont struggle and do not stop breathing in order to speak practice. Just repeat the first sound very softly like My name is P - P - P - P -P-a-a-ractice.Now here the repetition of the word is not like as we always do .consequence, Just speak it softly. .                                                                                                                                                              2. Diaphragm breathing= This is the most crucial one.Untill n unless you do not allow the air to pass through your Vocal cords, you cant speak.We use this technique because most of the adults have developed a bad habit of breathing from our chest.Glaringly,I found that  all the babies breathe properly from their Diaphragm or abdomen. So, when ever we stammer or get stuck,we always start to breathe from our chest or sometimes we even forget to breathe. So, just try to breath from your diaphragm.                                                                                                                                   3. Prolongation= Thirdly,prolongation is a technique that is suggested in most of the speech therapies. In this we have to stretch the first sound . Apparently, in case of practice ,we can say it as Paaaaaaaaaaaractice.Actually we have to strech the first sound but when we say practice there is always the P sound followed by aaaaaaa.                                                                                                                                                    4. Light contact =Also we people often get blocked on p sound because our lips are not opening up or separating out. So there must be a light contact of our lips when we are dealing with sounds like p,b etc.and eventually, apply the light contact method on p,b etc likepaaaaaaractice,baaaaasket.                                                                                                                                                         5.Cancellation=This is used if in case we forgot to apply our techniques on a difficult or feared
word.and we are stuck on that feared word.In this we have to stop in between our block on this word , take a deep breath and then start again speaking out that word but this time we will use our techniques and speak out that particular word with ease and light contact etc.for eg, my name Pa-a-a-  stop here. Take a deep breath. Then start with the technique with which you are comfortable.Like i am comfortable with light contact in case of P . So, I would say Phhhractice. nevertheless,you need not to repeat the complete sentence again. Just repeat the word on which you get stuck .

Substantial Exercises?

1.Predominantly, Exhale And Inhale=Do 10 Minute Of  Exhale[5Minute] And Inhale.[5minute] In The Morning Slowly.It Relax The Muscles.




2.We People Who Stammer Always Stammer On Consonants.So, We Stretch The All Consonants with The Help Of Vowel[AEIOU].The Consonants Are K,M,B,S,T,P,A.R,D,V,F,G,H,J,N,L. For Instance,Kaaaaaaaaaa,Keeeeeeeeeee,Koooooooooo,Kuuuuuuuuuu,Kiiiiiiiiii.Do Remaining The Consonants Same As K.Strech The Every Consonants For Two Times In A Long Form Like Kaaaaaaaaaa.Do This Exercise  30-35 Minute In The Morning.




3.Prolongation.In This Exercise,Read The Books And Stretch The  Every Vowe[AEIOU].For Illustration,Aaaaaaaaaaamerica, Reeeeeeeeeelation Loooooooooovely, Uuuuuuuuuuuniversity
,Iiiiiiiiiiindia.Eventually,Do This Exercise 15 Minute.




This exercises are so so valuable in the daily life.Moreover,if you want to  manage the stammering perfectly in the daily life.I advised to you,do  exercises regularly. Glaringly,you have to become consistent.